Using candle making molds is one of the most common and versatile ways to make candles. Using a mold, a candle can be made in virtually any shape imaginable. We're all familiar with candles in geometric shapes such as cylinders, squares and pyramids, but molds allow candles to be made in much more elaborate shapes.
You probably have seen candles in the shape of objects such as trees or animals. The ability to cast such shapes with wax is virtually unlimited but there are two concepts that need to be considered when evaluating a candle making mold's shape. Candle makers refer to these concepts as draft and undercut.
Draft is the easier concept to grasp. Draft is the degree of taper in a mold. This taper allows the finished candle to slide out of the mold when it has hardened. Typically, the larger end will be the bottom of the finished candle. In the mold, that's the end that's left open. You pour the wax with the candle mold "upside down."
It's possible to make candles in molds with parallel sides (such as the common pillar candle) because wax tends to shrink slightly as it cools, thereby separating from the mold enough to allow it to slide out.
The other concept is undercutting. You can think of undercutting as any part of the shape that would keep the finished candle from sliding out of the mold. This becomes a factor when using molds to make flower candles for sale of more complex shapes.
Undercutting in a form prevents using solid, one-piece molds to make the candle. There are two ways of handling the situation. One is to use a mold that separates into two or more parts. The other is to use a mold made out of a flexible, stretchable material.
Two-part molds work well for making candles that are symmetrical. I think you can imagine a mold in the shape of a tued wood carving split down the middle. In using such a mold, the candle maker clamps the two halves together, seals the seams so they don't leak melted wax, pours the candle, and finally separates the two halves of the mold after the wax has hardened.
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